Vatikan K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin ar\u015fivlerinde 400 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir okunamadan duran, tuhaf sembollerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir el yazmas\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BBC’de yer alan habere g\u00f6re “Borg \u015fifresi” olarak bilinen 408 sayfal\u0131k bu belge, 34 gizemli sembol, birka\u00e7 Latin harfi ve Arap\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapak sayfas\u0131yla kodlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; \u015fifreyi \u00e7\u00f6zecek bilinen bir anahtar yoktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak\u00a0yapay zeka\u00a0sayesinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar metni \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fin, dizanteriye kar\u015f\u0131 birka\u00e7 bardak kaliteli k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015farap i\u00e7mek ya da hamurda mayalanm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hindistancevizi gibi s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tedavi \u00f6nerileriyle dolu oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u015eifrelemenin nedeni ise d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131nda b\u00f6ylesi \u015fifa y\u00f6ntemlerinin cad\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stockholm \u00dcniversitesi’nden hesaplamal\u0131 dilbilim profes\u00f6r\u00fc Be\u00e1ta Megyesi’ye g\u00f6re d\u00fcnya genelindeki ar\u015fiv ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerdeki materyalin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 1’i tamamen ya da k\u0131smen \u015fifreli. Baz\u0131 \u015fifrelerin k\u00f6keni Antik Yunan ve Roma’ya kadar uzan\u0131yor. Bu belgeler diplomatik istihbarat, gizli topluluklar\u0131n rit\u00fcelleri, t\u0131bbi bilgiler, a\u015fk ili\u015fkileri ya da gizli tutulmak istenen g\u00fcndelik ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor yani\u00a0tarih\u00a0anlat\u0131s\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar eksik kalm\u0131\u015f bilgiler. \u0130sko\u00e7ya Krali\u00e7esi Mary’nin \u0130ngiltere’deki uzun hapis d\u00f6nemi boyunca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taht\u0131n\u0131 geri alma komplolar\u0131n\u0131, o\u011flu VI. James ,sonraki ad\u0131yla \u0130ngiltere Kral\u0131 I. James, ile gergin ili\u015fkisini ortaya koyan \u015fifreli mektuplar, yak\u0131n zamanda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcp tarihe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan \u00f6rneklerden biri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BBC’e g\u00f6re baz\u0131 \u015fifreler, Borg \u015fifresinde oldu\u011fu gibi her sembol\u00fcn tek bir harfle de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi basit bir yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme sistemine dayan\u0131yor. Ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131nda orijinal dilin ne oldu\u011fu bile bilinmiyor, okuyucuyu yan\u0131ltmak i\u00e7in anlams\u0131z semboller araya serpi\u015ftirilmi\u015f olabiliyor ya da ayn\u0131 harf birden fazla sembolle temsil edilebiliyor. Fransa’daki INRIA’dan kriptolog Cecile Pierrot ve ekibi, Kutsal Roma \u0130mparatoru ve \u0130spanya Kral\u0131 V. Karl’\u0131n 120 farkl\u0131 \u015fifre sembol\u00fcyle \u00fc\u00e7 sayfa boyunca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir mektubun \u015fifresini \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in alt\u0131 ay harcam\u0131\u015f, mektupta imparatorun, Fransa Kral\u0131 I. Fran\u00e7ois’ya hizmet eden \u0130talyan bir paral\u0131 asker taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi korkusuyla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deh\u015fet ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eifre \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce el yaz\u0131s\u0131 metnin dijital hale getirilmesi gerekiyor, bu da soluk m\u00fcrekkep ve bozuk el yaz\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na zahmetli bir i\u015f Pierrot’ya g\u00f6re yaln\u0131zca iki sayfal\u0131k, tan\u0131d\u0131k olmayan sembollerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir mektubu harfe d\u00f6kmek bile bir g\u00fcn s\u00fcrebiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oslo \u00dcniversitesi’nden Alman dilbilimi profes\u00f6r\u00fc Michelle Waldisp\u00fchl ve ekibi, 30 Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131’n\u0131n en \u015fiddetli d\u00f6neminde, 1637’de bir soylunun \u0130sve\u00e7 \u015fans\u00f6lyesine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizli bir mektubu Transkribus adl\u0131 yapay zeka platformuyla yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6kt\u00fc. \u00c7e\u015fitli dil, yaz\u0131 sistemi ve el yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcslubuyla e\u011fitilen ara\u00e7, baz\u0131 manuel d\u00fczeltmelere ihtiya\u00e7 duysa da k\u0131smen say\u0131larla \u015fifrelenmi\u015f, k\u0131smen de d\u00f6nemin Almanca yaz\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu mektupta iyi sonu\u00e7 verdi. Mevcut yapay zeka ara\u00e7lar\u0131, uydurma i\u015faretler ya da al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lar gibi s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sembollerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zorlanabiliyor; bu nedenle Megyesi, Waldisp\u00fchl ve ekibi, \u00e7ok uluslu Descrypt projesi kapsam\u0131nda kendi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Waldisp\u00fchl’\u00fcn inceledi\u011fi mektupta yazar “E” harfini temsil etmek i\u00e7in sekiz farkl\u0131 sembol kullanm\u0131\u015f, bu da eski Almanca bilgisi ve deneme-yan\u0131lma gerektiren bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Waldisp\u00fchl, makine ile insan do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ileri geri bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. \u015eifrenin ard\u0131ndan, yazar\u0131n m\u00fcttefik Protestan hizipler i\u00e7indeki bir komplo nedeniyle cepheden stratejik olarak geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair uyar\u0131lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Megyesi’nin ekibi \u015fimdi, yapay zekan\u0131n yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6k\u00fcm a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen atlay\u0131p do\u011frudan sayfa foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek \u015fifreyi \u00e7\u00f6zebilmesinin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor. Her harfin tek bir sembolle de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi basit \u015fifrelerde bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 zaten \u00f6nceden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f 105 sayfal\u0131k “Copiale \u015fifresi” \u00fczerinde test ettiler, sistem, genel el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla ve \u015fifrenin baz\u0131 sat\u0131rlar\u0131yla e\u011fitildikten sonra daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri de do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6zebildi. Ekip ayr\u0131ca transkripsiyon ve de\u015fifreyi tek ad\u0131mda birle\u015ftiren bir yapay zeka sohbet arac\u0131 da geli\u015ftirdi, bu ara\u00e7 Borg \u015fifresinden 500 semboll\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 29 dakikada \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcp \u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirisini sunmakla kalmad\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcrecini belgeleyip mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 bu da arac\u0131n uydurma bir yorum \u00fcretmedi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re bu t\u00fcr ara\u00e7lar, bug\u00fcn kimsenin okuyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alfabelerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f antik metinlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Girit’te bulunan 4 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k Fayzos Diski ile erken d\u00f6nem Yunan yaz\u0131s\u0131 “Linear A” hala \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememi\u015f durumda. Megyesi, as\u0131l heyecan verici olan\u0131n yaln\u0131zca tek bir tarihsel bilmeceyi \u00e7\u00f6zmek de\u011fil farkl\u0131 vakalarda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirmek oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vatikan K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin ar\u015fivlerinde 400 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir okunamadan duran, tuhaf sembollerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir el yazmas\u0131 bulunuyor. BBC’de yer alan habere g\u00f6re “Borg \u015fifresi” olarak bilinen 408 sayfal\u0131k bu belge, 34 gizemli sembol, birka\u00e7 Latin harfi ve Arap\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kapak sayfas\u0131yla kodlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; \u015fifreyi \u00e7\u00f6zecek bilinen bir anahtar yoktu. Ancak\u00a0yapay zeka\u00a0sayesinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar metni \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131 ve<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2921,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[1100,1099,593],"class_list":["post-2920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-bbcde-yer-alan-habere-gore","tag-vatikandaki-400-yillik-el-yazmasi","tag-yapay-zeka"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2920"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2922,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2920\/revisions\/2922"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}