{"id":2328,"date":"2026-07-10T05:41:21","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T05:41:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/?p=2328"},"modified":"2026-07-10T05:41:22","modified_gmt":"2026-07-10T05:41:22","slug":"iklim-krizine-karsi-dunyayi-sogutma-yarisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/?p=2328","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim krizine kar\u015f\u0131 D\u00fcnyay\u0131 so\u011futma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130klim krizine kar\u015f\u0131 en radikal fikirlerden biri olan g\u00fcne\u015f jeom\u00fchendisli\u011fi, art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca bilgisayar modellerinde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir senaryo de\u011fil. Chicago \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n masas\u0131nda, ticari jetlerin \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcnde u\u00e7abilecek, uzun kanatl\u0131, insans\u0131z ve \u00f6zel tasarlanm\u0131\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131n \u00e7izimleri duruyor. Ama\u00e7, stratosfere G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tacak maddeler b\u0131rakmak ve gezegenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yapay olarak so\u011futmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fikrin ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 volkanlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck patlamalar atmosfere k\u00fck\u00fcrt bile\u015fikleri yayarak k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. G\u00fcne\u015f jeom\u00fchendisli\u011fi de bu etkiyi kontroll\u00fc bi\u00e7imde taklit etmeyi hedefliyor. Stratosfere b\u0131rak\u0131lacak s\u00fclf\u00fcr dioksit ya da benzeri maddeler, G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uzaya geri yans\u0131tan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aerosollere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Modeller, bu m\u00fcdahalenin k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde frenleyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. As\u0131l soru art\u0131k \u201ci\u015fe yarar m\u0131?\u201d de\u011fil; \u201cger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bedeli ne olur?\u201d sorusu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yeni a\u015faman\u0131n merkezlerinden biri, 2024\u2019te kurulan Chicago \u00dcniversitesi Climate Systems Engineering Initiative. Giri\u015fimin ba\u015f\u0131nda, alan\u0131n en bilinen ve en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 isimlerinden David Keith var. Keith, d\u00fcnya sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yeterince h\u0131zl\u0131 azaltamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in iklim felaketlerinin can kayb\u0131n\u0131 ve ekonomik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilecek ek se\u00e7enekleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmaman\u0131n da etik bir sorun oldu\u011funu savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ele\u015ftirmenler ise bu teknolojiye \u201ckolay \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u201d yan\u0131lsamas\u0131 olarak bak\u0131yor. Atmosfere m\u00fcdahale ederek krizi y\u00f6netebilece\u011fimiz fikri, fosil yak\u0131tlardan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatabilir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, gezegenin termostat\u0131n\u0131 kimin ayarlayaca\u011f\u0131 belirsiz. Bir b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in kurakl\u0131k, sel ya da g\u0131da krizi anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Teknik belirsizlikler de b\u00fcy\u00fck. Bug\u00fcn stratosfere gerekli miktarda madde ta\u015f\u0131yabilecek ve bunu do\u011fru irtifada, do\u011fru par\u00e7ac\u0131k boyutunda yayabilecek u\u00e7aklar yok. Kutuplara yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde stratosfer daha al\u00e7akta ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mevcut u\u00e7aklar baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak tropiklere ve ekvatora yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde gereken y\u00fckseklik 18-20 kilometreye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Yeni nesil, \u00f6zel u\u00e7aklar \u015fart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

270 u\u00e7akl\u0131k filo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chicago\u2019daki ekip bu nedenle havac\u0131l\u0131k m\u00fchendisleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Konsept u\u00e7aklar geni\u015f kanatlara, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc motorlara ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeleri ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na uygun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir tanklara sahip olacak. Hesaplamalara g\u00f6re 270 u\u00e7aktan olu\u015fan bir filo, y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon ton maddeyi stratosfere yayarak k\u00fcresel y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 0.26 derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reflective adl\u0131 sivil giri\u015fimin inceledi\u011fi senaryoda, 2035\u2019te bir \u00fclke ya da \u00fclkeler grubu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir program ba\u015flat\u0131yor. \u0130lk a\u015famada Kuzey ve G\u00fcney kutuplar\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde stratosfere s\u00fclf\u00fcr dioksit ya da hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor. Hedef, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca 0.1 derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek. Bu, sanayi devriminden bu yana ya\u015fanan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.4 derecelik \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 t\u00f6rp\u00fclemek anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat kutuplardan ba\u015flamak bile adalet tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yarat\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc etki daha \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek enlemlerde hissedilecek. \u0130klim krizinden en fazla zarar g\u00f6ren tropik ku\u015faktaki yoksul \u00fclkeler, ilk a\u015famada daha az fayda g\u00f6rebilir. D\u00fcnya\u2019y\u0131 daha dengeli so\u011futmak i\u00e7in ekvatora yak\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015flar pahal\u0131, karma\u015f\u0131k ve riskli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6zmesi gereken sorular bununla bitmiyor. Mevcut u\u00e7aklar nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecek? Elementel k\u00fck\u00fcrt nas\u0131l i\u015flenecek? Sal\u0131nan maddelerin istenen boyutta aerosollere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi nas\u0131l izlenecek? \u00dcstelik baz\u0131 uydular\u0131n devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cveri \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc\u201d dedi\u011fi yeni bir risk do\u011furuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maliyet de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmayabilir. 2024\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan bir analiz, kutuplara yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 2 derece azaltabilecek ilk a\u015fama bir program\u0131n 2040\u2019a kadar haz\u0131r hale gelmesi i\u00e7in en az 10 y\u0131l ve 35 milyar dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m gerekebilece\u011fini hesaplad\u0131. Bu rakam, \u201cucuz ve kolay iklim \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d imaj\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6ze al\u0131r m\u0131y\u0131z?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kalbinde etik soru var: B\u00f6yle bir teknoloji devreye sokulursa kim karar verecek, kim fayda g\u00f6recek, kim zarar g\u00f6recek? Ele\u015ftirmenler, bu g\u00fcce sahip \u00fclkelerin ya da \u015firketlerin sistemi kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Destek\u00e7iler ise ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yasaklaman\u0131n daha tehlikeli oldu\u011funu savunuyor: \u0130klim krizi derinle\u015firse bir g\u00fcn bir akt\u00f6r bu m\u00fcdahaleyi zaten denemek isteyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MIT dergisindeki yaz\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle bitiyor: G\u00fcne\u015f jeom\u00fchendisli\u011fi art\u0131k bilimkurguya benzeyen bir felaket plan\u0131ndan ibaret de\u011fil. U\u00e7ak tasar\u0131mlar\u0131, laboratuvar deneyleri, uydu sens\u00f6rleri ve maliyet analizleriyle ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine yakla\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki soru giderek daha somut hale geliyor: \u0130klim krizi kontrolden \u00e7\u0131karsa, gezegenin atmosferine bilin\u00e7li m\u00fcdahaleyi g\u00f6ze alacak m\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 proje \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Stardust Solutions: \u0130srail merkezli giri\u015fim, \u00e7evresel yan etki yaratmadan G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tabilece\u011fini iddia etti\u011fi \u00f6zel par\u00e7ac\u0131klar geli\u015ftiriyor. \u015eirket ayn\u0131 zamanda bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 stratosfere ta\u015f\u0131yacak u\u00e7aklar ve etkilerini izleyecek sistemler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve yayma sistemini r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcnelinde test etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFLECT Projesi: Manchester, Cambridge, Exeter ve Leeds \u00fcniversiteleri ile ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rma gruplar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 proje, deniz bulutu parlakla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu y\u00f6ntemde deniz tuzu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131 bulutlar\u0131na p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclerek bulutlar\u0131n daha fazla G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131tmas\u0131 hedefleniyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma h\u00e2l\u00e2 erken a\u015famada; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yolunda giderse 2028 gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli a\u00e7\u0131k hava deneylerine ge\u00e7ilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marine Cloud Brightening in a Complex World: Southern Cross University taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, deniz bulutu parlakla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck Set Resifi\u2019ni koruyup koruyamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya odaklan\u0131yor. Ekip geli\u015fmi\u015f bilgisayar modellemeleri yap\u0131yor ve deniz tuzu p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcc\u00fcleriyle kapal\u0131 alan testleri y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 2020\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fck Set Resifi \u00e7evresinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli a\u00e7\u0131k hava deneylerine ba\u015flad\u0131. 2028\u2019den itibaren daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131k hava testi yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marine Cloud Brightening Research Program: Washington \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin program\u0131, 2024\u2019te California\u2019n\u0131n Alameda kentinde a\u00e7\u0131k havada deniz tuzu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 salarak aerosolleri \u00f6l\u00e7meyi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bilgisayar sim\u00fclasyonlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir deney yapt\u0131. Ancak Alameda Belediye Meclisi projeyi durdurdu. Ekip \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 laboratuvarda p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, g\u00f6zlem, modelleme ve kamuoyu kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130klim krizine kar\u015f\u0131 en radikal fikirlerden biri olan g\u00fcne\u015f jeom\u00fchendisli\u011fi, art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca bilgisayar modellerinde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir senaryo de\u011fil. Chicago \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n masas\u0131nda, ticari jetlerin \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcnde u\u00e7abilecek, uzun kanatl\u0131, insans\u0131z ve \u00f6zel tasarlanm\u0131\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131n \u00e7izimleri duruyor. Ama\u00e7, stratosfere G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tacak maddeler b\u0131rakmak ve gezegenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yapay olarak so\u011futmak. Fikrin ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 volkanlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2329,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[772,771,770],"class_list":["post-2328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-dunya-sera-gazi-emisyonlari","tag-gunes-jeomuhendisligi","tag-iklim-krizi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2328"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2330,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2328\/revisions\/2330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}