Reuters, ABD ordusunun K\u00f6rfez’den enerji ihracat\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla onlarca gizli gemiden gemiye petrol transfer operasyonunu koordine etti\u011fini bildirdi. Operasyonda hava ve deniz dronlar\u0131 ile helikopterler kullan\u0131larak petrol ta\u015f\u0131yan konvoylar a\u00e7\u0131k denizde bekleyen tankerlere y\u00f6nlendirildi. H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen operasyonun, \u0130ran’\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gemiden gemiye transfer y\u00f6ntemine benzer bir sistem \u00fczerine kuruldu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Konu hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi 11 ki\u015finin Reuters’a verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re transferler iki noktada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bunlardan biri Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri’ndeki F\u00fcceyre a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda, di\u011feri ise Umman’\u0131n Sohar Liman\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunuyor. Uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ve gemi takip verilerine g\u00f6re operasyon may\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bug\u00fcne kadar en az 116 gemi transfer faaliyetlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Sal\u0131 sabah\u0131na ait uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinde Umman K\u00f6rfezi’nde yan yana duran 12 gemi \u00e7ifti g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bunlar\u0131n sekizi Sohar a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda, d\u00f6rd\u00fc ise F\u00fcceyre yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunuyordu. Faaliyetlerin zirve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilen 11 Haziran’da ise iki b\u00f6lgede e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak 17 gemi \u00e7iftinin petrol transferi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f6rt kaynak, 9 Haziran’da \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen ve sonras\u0131nda ABD’nin misilleme sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na yol a\u00e7an Apache helikopterinin de bu g\u00f6rev kapsam\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Olay hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi eski bir ABD’li yetkili de bu bilgiyi do\u011frulad\u0131. Reuters, Apache’nin vuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcn Sohar a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alanda k\u00fcmelenmi\u015f alt\u0131 tanker \u00e7ifti tespit etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak Apache helikopterinin operasyondaki g\u00f6revini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak do\u011frulanamad\u0131. Reuters’\u0131n sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlayan bir ABD savunma yetkilisi, Merkez Kuvvetler Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na (CENTCOM) ba\u011fl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k denizde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen gemiden gemiye petrol transfer operasyonlar\u0131nda yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. ABD’li yetkililer daha \u00f6nce helikopterde bulunan iki personelin insans\u0131z bir deniz arac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transferlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi iki nokta, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor ve \u0130ran’\u0131n bo\u011fazdaki trafi\u011fi y\u00f6netmek amac\u0131yla kurdu\u011fu yeni kurum olan Basra K\u00f6rfezi Bo\u011faz \u0130daresi’nin belirledi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunuyor. Reuters’\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130ran’\u0131n talimatlar\u0131na uymayan gemiler, \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenebilecek insans\u0131z hava arac\u0131 ve f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Operasyonun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemde F\u00fcceyre Liman\u0131 da \u0130ran kaynakl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n hedefi oldu. \u0130ngiliz denizcilik risk y\u00f6netimi \u015firketi Vanguard, hafta sonunda Umman a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bir tankere kimli\u011fi belirsiz bir m\u00fchimmat\u0131n isabet etti\u011fini duyurdu. \u015eirket, m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n g\u00fcvende oldu\u011funu, y\u00fckte k\u0131smi s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 meydana geldi\u011fini ancak \u00e7evresel zarar olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Tankerin transfer operasyonuna dahil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise belirtilmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran, ABD ve \u0130srail ile ya\u015fanan sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan k\u00fcresel petrol t\u00fcketiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte birinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131 fiilen kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durum k\u00fcresel enerji arz\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesintiye yol a\u00e7arken d\u00fcnya genelinde enflasyon bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uzmanlara g\u00f6re maliyetli ve riskli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen gemiden gemiye petrol transferleri, ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump y\u00f6netiminin K\u00f6rfez’den normal petrol ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yeniden sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilir. Trump, bu hafta a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u0130ran ile \u00e7er\u00e7eve bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Ancak anla\u015fman\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 hen\u00fcz netle\u015fmi\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reuters’\u0131n 20 May\u0131s’ta yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ise \u0130ran’\u0131n H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131nda gemi ge\u00e7i\u015flerini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in ada kontrol noktalar\u0131, diplomatik anla\u015fmalar ve baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00fccretlendirme uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren kendi sistemini kurdu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reuters’\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sekiz kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re, K\u00f6rfez’deki gemiden gemiye petrol transfer operasyonlar\u0131 tamamen ABD ordusunun kontrol\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Operasyona dahil olan bir \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik y\u00fcklenicisi de bu bilgiyi do\u011frulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynaklar\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re tankerler, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’na ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce belirlenen bir bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131na gidiyor ve ard\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 ila 4 kilometrelik aral\u0131klarla bo\u011faza giri\u015f yap\u0131yor. D\u00f6rt kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te gemilerin konum vericileri (transponder) kapat\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 minimum seviyeye indiriliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Operasyonda belirlenen kontrol noktalar\u0131 sayesinde ABD ordusu tankerlerin ilerleyi\u015fini takip ediyor. Kaynaklardan biri, “ABD’liler sizi s\u00fcrekli izliyor” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tankerler, \u0130ran’\u0131n kendi kontrol alan\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7tikten sonra, petrol\u00fc teslim alacak gemilere yana\u015f\u0131yor. Bu gemilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc “Very Large Crude Carrier” (VLCC) olarak bilinen \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ham petrol tankerlerinden olu\u015fuyor. Petrol transferleri 24 ila 40 saat aras\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bo\u015falan tankerler daha sonra yeniden bo\u011fazdan ge\u00e7erek geri d\u00f6nerken, y\u00fcklenen VLCC’ler uluslararas\u0131 pazarlara do\u011fru yol al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Operasyonun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesini sa\u011flayan temel unsurun, \u0130ran’\u0131n fiili ablukas\u0131na ra\u011fmen H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7erek petrol\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k denizde bekleyen tankerlere ula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 kabul eden baz\u0131 nakliye \u015firketleri oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak uzmanlar operasyonun ciddi riskler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. Washington Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde denizcilik riskleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u0131demli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Noam Raydan “\u0130ran’\u0131n ne zaman insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ya da silahl\u0131 botlar kullanarak bu gemilerin ge\u00e7i\u015fini engellemeye karar verece\u011fini bilemezsiniz” dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gemiden gemiye petrol transfer y\u00f6ntemi, petrol\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gizledi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131llard\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015fmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak \u0130ran genellikle ayn\u0131 anda yaln\u0131zca bir gemi \u00e7iftiyle transfer ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken, ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki operasyon \u00e7ok say\u0131da e\u015f zamanl\u0131 transferi kaps\u0131yor. Bu sayede K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri, \u0130ran’\u0131n olas\u0131 misilleme sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha fazla koruma alt\u0131nda ham petrol, kondensat ve petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini uluslararas\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131lara ula\u015ft\u0131rabiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2 May\u0131s ile 11 Haziran aras\u0131nda \u00e7ekilmi\u015f uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan inceleme, K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine ait devlet tankerleri ile uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fletmecilere ait gemiler aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da transfer ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini ortaya koydu. LSEG ve Kpler denizcilik verileri de ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lgede faaliyet g\u00f6steren tankerlerin d\u00fczenli olarak bulu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hesaplamalara g\u00f6re, 11 Haziran’a kadar olan d\u00f6nemde a\u00e7\u0131k denizde kurulan bu a\u011f \u00fczerinden en az 90 milyon varil ham petrol ve petrol \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bununla birlikte s\u00f6z konusu miktar, sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama ge\u00e7en yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyon varillik petrol hacminin olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131nda kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ABD D\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkiler Konseyi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Michael Froman ise cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede dikkat \u00e7ekici bir benzetme yapt\u0131. Froman, “Eski kurallar\u0131n zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde ABD’nin, \u00c7in, Rusya, Kuzey Kore ve hatta \u0130ran’\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131yor olmas\u0131 ironik” ifadelerini kulland\u0131. Froman burada, gemilerin transponderlerini kapatarak seyretmesine at\u0131fta bulundu. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump da 10 Haziran’da, \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen Apache helikopteriyle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda bu uygulamadan s\u00f6z etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Operasyon hakk\u0131nda do\u011frudan bilgi sahibi alt\u0131 kaynak ise ABD’nin gemilere sava\u015f gemileriyle eskort sa\u011flamak yerine hava g\u00f6zetleme sistemleri, uygunluk kontrolleri ve s\u00fcrekli izleme faaliyetleriyle destek verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Reuters, ABD askeri personelinin petrol transferlerinin kendisinde do\u011frudan g\u00f6rev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair herhangi bir bulguya ula\u015famad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reuters’\u0131n inceledi\u011fi denizcilik kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, gemiden gemiye petrol transfer operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n petrol\u00fc teslim alan taraf\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak uluslararas\u0131 tanker i\u015fletmecileri yer al\u0131yor. Bunlardan biri olan Yunanistan merkezli Dynacom Tankers Management’\u0131n, sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 28 \u015eubat’tan bu yana H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 \u00fczerinden petrol ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in alternatif y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eirketin kurucusu George Procopiou, 1 Haziran’da Atina’da d\u00fczenlenen Capital Link denizcilik konferans\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, “Seyr\u00fcsefer \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc esast\u0131r ve hi\u00e7 kimse ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccreti ya da ba\u015fka bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck dayatamaz” dedi. Procopiou, “Biz hizmet vermek i\u00e7in buraday\u0131z ve Yunanistan’\u0131n ablukalar\u0131 a\u015fma gelene\u011fi antik \u00e7a\u011flara kadar uzan\u0131yor. Daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131ya girmek istemiyorum ama ne demek istedi\u011fimi anlamak i\u00e7in bunun yeterli bir ipucu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum” ifadelerini kulland\u0131. Dynacom, Reuters’\u0131n operasyonla ilgili yorum talebine yan\u0131t vermedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Reuters, ABD ordusunun K\u00f6rfez’den enerji ihracat\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla onlarca gizli gemiden gemiye petrol transfer operasyonunu koordine etti\u011fini bildirdi. Operasyonda hava ve deniz dronlar\u0131 ile helikopterler kullan\u0131larak petrol ta\u015f\u0131yan konvoylar a\u00e7\u0131k denizde bekleyen tankerlere y\u00f6nlendirildi. H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen operasyonun, \u0130ran’\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gemiden gemiye transfer y\u00f6ntemine benzer bir sistem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1105,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[164,166,165],"class_list":["post-1104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","tag-abd-ordusu","tag-apache-helikopteri","tag-iranin-fiilen-kapattigi-hurmuz-bogazi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1104"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1106,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1104\/revisions\/1106"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bimanset.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}